Lmt 100

AIFAA HUSNA BINTI ASHA’RI 112542 LMT 100/44 LECTURER : PUAN ZURAIDAH ABU BAKAR Question 1 (an) If I was Sivasothie, I will protest the organized marriage made by my family since I realize that masterminded marriage won't last longer despite the fact that it was parent decision. There were absence of adoration and regard among a couple when we wedded with somebody which we don't know well. Besides, there was likewise the threat of masterminded marriage which the spouse will act brutal towards his significant other and to be more awful the wife was too reluctant to even think about speaking out. In Sivasothie’s circumstance, her future spouse was materialistic. As he fills in as a specialist, the estimation of endowment that he needed was too high that can't be manage the cost of by Sivasothie, in addition to he didn't had any desire to be thoughtful with her family by any means. For this situation, it shows that a lady pride was extremely low since she can't stand to pay the share for the man, as a result of the orchestrated marriage made by their family. Question 1 (b) If I was the American young lady, I will have a moderate talk with my better half to improve our relationship. Perhaps it was difficult to have a moderate talk as my better half was excessively cold, yet I will attempt to change and improve the circumstance to spare my marriage or, in all likelihood my relationship with him will turn out to be more regrettable. The adoration between us is blurring and it will kick the bucket in the event that I don't make any move on it. A marriage with no adoration was futile in light of the fact that we were living with our accomplice ordinary and there will be absence of closeness. It was alright if our significant other was not care about us to an extreme. We don't need to be enthusiastic towards our significant other in light of the fact that it will pulverize the marriage that we manufacture. Henceforth, we have to improve things and spare the marriage from separated. Endure between one another is significant with the goal that our relationship will last more.

Individualism in Chinese Literature free essay sample

Analyzes perspectives on Mao Zedong in a discourse Wang Meng Bei Dao in two short stories. This investigation will look at three works of Chinese writing as far as the manners by which various scholars delineate the thought of independence or the person. The three works are Mao Zedongs Talks at the Yanan Conference on Literature and Art, Wang Mengs A Young Man Arrives at the Organization Department, and Bei Daos An Artists Life. Maos discourse is completely against individualistic. Mengs story is undeniably progressively individualistic, yet its daintily sarcastic spotlight on a specialists issues with the Chinese organization barely creates a counter-progressive glorification of independence. Daos sonnet is the most simply individualistic and trial of the three, and the most liberated from any worry with philosophy, regardless of whether treated respectfully (similarly as with Mao) or satirically (as with Meng). Independence is a danger to Mao and the Marxist belief system. We will compose a custom article test on Independence in Chinese Literature or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Computer Ethics and Information Systems Free Essays

Presentation Each year, an incredible number of new workers show up into the nation from everywhere throughout the world. A portion of these settlers enter the nation legitimately while the others attempt to get in wrongfully. Then again, there are the individuals who endeavor to move into the nation illicitly through different mischievous methods. At the outskirts, they are caught and persuasively made to come back to their nation. In spite of the difficulties that the administration faces with respect to the settler issue, there are situations when specialists are committed to acknowledge immigrants.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Rights of Immigrants and Immigration Policy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rising number of foreigners every year has become a genuine discussion issue. A few gatherings bolster arrangements that secure the privileges of foreigners while others are firmly contradicted to the laws that support outsider pa ssageway into the nation. As indicated by Sir Michael Dummet, the state has a few obligations towards outsiders. In any case, the state needs to perceive that its essential job is the government assistance of its own residents just as security of the other people who are out of luck. Consequently the idea that a state’s sole duty is just to guarantee and care about its citizens’ prosperity is defective and confused. Dummet bolsters his notion. He asserts all the residents have an individual a specific good commitment to their nation also. The entire populace is spoken to by their state on the planet. Subsequently, it follows that some nation is likewise ethically obliged to think about the government assistance of different states and that of others (Huemer, 2010). This paper will investigate the commitments that the country has towards the acknowledgment of foreigners. Moreover, the paper will talk about what an ethically advocated migration arrangement incorporates. The paper will maintain the situation to help for the privilege of migration. Proclamation of politicians’ position The resistance coordinated towards migrants and their privileges comes from the feeling of narrow-mindedness among the residents and government officials of the host nation. Both the voters and the legislators the same advance the possibility that a country is just answerable for its residents with no respect for settlers rolling in from outside nations. Subsequently, the legislators will ordinarily put together their contentions with respect to their opinion of serving the interests of their nation best. For example, British lawmakers associated with the European Union considerations consistently ground their choices to help or veto movements on whether it is in light of a legitimate concern for Britain or not. This is in opposition to the desire that they ought to consider the interests of the European Union to settle on their choice whether to help the moveme nt or impugn it. Lawmakers take this situation as to one significant explanation, which is remote residents are of almost no incentive to their political desire. Since the outside residents hold no democratic force in the nation they move into, the government officials esteem them immaterial for their crusades (Dummett, 2001).Advertising Looking for article on established law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Critique of politicians’ position and my position The idea of ‘sovereignty’ advances this situation. This idea bolsters national freedom and non-obstruction by other remote countries, particularly on issues of how it manages its residents. Furthermore, another contention sent contrary to settler rights and approaches is that every nation has an individual option to control the exercises on its outskirts. Subsequently, the administration can bar or concede outsiders who wish to go through the countryà ¢â‚¬â„¢s fringes. In any case, the individuals who bolster free migration, assume that nations ought not force any limitations on movement. A correlation is drawn between free migration and the free market idea. This recommendation was unequivocally bolstered by Milton Fried Mans just as Ernest Bevin, who imagined the absolute cancelation of international IDs. They contended that free migration ought to have been permitted to guarantee that essential human right which is the appropriate for opportunity †especially opportunity of development would be appreciated by all people. Along these lines, in the soul of advancing human rights, no nation would reserve the privilege to deny any individual section into a nation of his/her decision. Pope John XXIII additionally bolstered free migration arrangements that prohibited no person from going into any nation. As indicated by Pope John XXIII, all people are individuals from a general family and a more noteworthy world society. This pr esence, as per the Pope, is inalienable and can't be reduced by any nation. Furthermore, Pope John XXIII supported the way that settlers had the right to have their privileges perceived and regarded. They ought to appreciate monetary rights and individual rights to guarantee that they can easily adjust to another general public. Besides, it permits them to acquire a methods for self food. There are a few reasons concerning why the approvals and limitations are forced on workers. Be that as it may, these don't do the trick as a reason in denying those individuals their right. In any case, some accept that limiting the quantity of outsiders going into the nation would ensure the national legacy and culture. Moreover, it is guaranteed that tolerant outsiders will build the monetary hardships he state faces as this would force oblige on the rare assets of the nation. It is, thusly, contended that these limitations are in light of a legitimate concern for the country’s local resid ents (Dummett, 2001). From my point of view, the privileges of outsiders ought to be maintained and ensured. There are a few reasons with respect to why migration limitation is definitely not a great alternative. In the first place, confining workers from entering a nation is an immediate infringement of their natural rights. The most widely recognized purpose behind founding these guidelines is to secure and guarantee the security of the local citizens.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Rights of Immigrants and Immigration Policy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In many cases, psychological warfare has been refered to as the principle security worry that requires settler guideline. Be that as it may, fear based oppressor exercises are executed even by the residents of the nation. Moreover, not all moves are happy to enter the nation to submit a fear monger act. In this way, this can't be utilized as a reason for such confinements. The other exp lanation that has been generally refered to is the impact of movement on business. Most local residents feel that the higher the quantity of migrants in a nation the higher the opposition on the current occupations. This at last prompts an abatement in the personal satisfaction of the local residents. Since the migrants are ordinarily urgent for securing positions they will in general acknowledge low pay rates. Representatives incline toward such specialists as the business would bring about less operational expenses. Anyway this comes to the detriment of the local residents losing their positions. Be that as it may, this isn't a worthy explanation since it is the obligation of the administration to control and express the base compensation inside its domain. Moreover, the employments are intended to be obtained dependent on merit and the individual’s capability. An ethically adequate movement arrangement is the one that meets both the interests of the residents of the nation and those of the foreigners. Such a strategy is hard to be created and executed as there are different difficulties. The circumstance with respect to the issue might be contrasted with a constrained limit raft (Hardin 2001) since a nation can't take in all the outsiders. References Dummett, M. A. E. (2001). On Immigration and Refugees. New York: Routledge. Hardin, G. (2001). Living on a Lifeboat. The Social Contract. 36-47. Recovered from http://www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles_pdf/living_on_a_lifeboat.pdf Huemer M (2010). Is there a Right to Immigrate? Social Theory and Practice. 36(3), 429-461. DOI: 10.5840/soctheorpract201036323.Advertising Searching for exposition on sacred law? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This paper on Rights of Immigrants and Immigration Policy was composed and put together by client Kingston I. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

The witings of William Shakespeare Term Paper - 1100 Words

The witings of William Shakespeare (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course: Date:Writings of William ShakespeareJust imagine yourself relaxing at home with a fine and captivating book that takes you through the ancient world of love and beauty. Reading serves as the perfect pass time that can help one get away from the harsh realities of the world. Many authors have written books, playwrights and poems to charm and beguile their readers. Many of them have left behind astounding pieces of literature work in their aftermath. One very famous author of history is William Shakespeare. A man who 400 years later is the most profound and respected authors in the field of English literature.The great era of Elizabeth between the 1500s and 1600s was one of the grandest period in the history of writers, poets and artists where some of them were lucky enough to get a chance to showcase their arts to the great queen Elizabeth of England. A budding young man from a family with a background of farming and glove making never for a moment thought that some of his greatest theatrical pieces of art would one-time turn into a classic in English literature.It was during the renaissance period in the 1500s that William Shakespeare was born. It is approximated that he was born on the 23rd of April 1564 (Frye, 1967). The baptism records have recorded Guiliemus filius Johannes Shakespeare, which can be translated to mean William, the son of john Shakespeare (Adams, 1923). William Shakespeare was the third amongst eight siblings born to Mary Arden and John Shakespeare. At seven years of age, William began attending the nearby local grammar school where he learnt the Greek and Latin languages. After grammar school, he never joined the university; instead he chose to leave for London (Brownfoot, 1998). He later married a young woman known as Ann Hathaway in the year 1582 with which he had three legitimate children, two daughters and a son. As we all know, Shakespeare was an astounding author who changed and moulded the modern English language through his numerous, scripts, short stories and plays. He is recognized as one of the most intriguing, captivating and respected author who came up with a varied range of phrases, vocabularies as well as constructed hundreds if not thousands of concepts which are applied in the present English language.Much of the credit is given to William Shakespeare for the major he played in developing the modern English language. Because of his revolutionary mind, he came up with over 25,000 English words made up from French, Latin and Greek languages. If it were not for him, the English language might never have been spoken today. William Shakespeare was fascinated by writing, and so he started writing scripts and poems at a very tender age.The era of the renaissance created and carved up many poets, artists and playwrights equally as good, but they did not match the abounding proficiency of William Shakespeare. Some of these historic poets and artists were John Milton, who wrote an astounding piece of an epic poem known as Paradise Lost. Another great writer was Francis Beaumont who wrote a number of melodramatic plays like The Kind of the Burning Pestle , and not forgetting Edward Alleys, who narrated the Tamburlaine and Doctor Faustus (Mullan, 2002 ). The above named were some of the most popular and successful authors of those times.William Shakespeare spent much of his grown up adult life writing poems and playwrights to become one of the legendary and most notable writers of Northern Renaissance. He was a member and co-owner of a company known as Lord Chamberlain Men which was made up by a number of actors whose main purpose was to entertain the royal queen Elizabeth of London.William Shakespeare has a touching and flowing writing. In real life, he was a passionate and very emotional man. This gave him the ability to eloquently bring out the humanistic feelings. The author used over 20,000 various wordings during his career in writing. He was the genius of words. Everything he wrote about had life in it. Shakespeare was a terrific raconteur and, narrator and this could be seen through the kind of playwrights, poems and short stories he came up with. He told stories of every kind. Some had a touch of adventure, comedy, fairy tales, melodrama, history, tragedy and love fiction tales. Most of his stories were family inspired while some he just wrote out of pure enthusiasm to please the crowd.William Shakespeare plays examined and scrutinized the natural characters of humans while his sonnets dealt with the beauty of humans as well as love. One surprising thing is that Shakespeare comfortably shifted between his styles of writing. At one time, he would write humorous pieces of art and the next he would shift to stories that have detailed tragedies and darkness.Some of William Shakespeares renowned plays were Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Nights Dream, John Caesar and Hamlet. The playwright Hamlet was and still remains one of the most popular theatre pieces to have been written in the English language (Brownsfoot, 1...

North India And The Ganges Voyage - 1101 Words

North India The Ganges Voyage Why this trip? Envision the unusual chance to experience India s most prominent highlights and journey by the relentless Ganges River in this extraordinary adventure tour package. The tour covers the vivacious surge of Delhi, the peacefulness of the Taj Mahal, the character of provincial towns, and the real tranquility of cruising the waterway from sanctuary to palaces. This unique trip on water and land will make you need to come back to the magnificence of India again and again. Itinerary Day 1 Delhi Arrive in Delhi, Arrival meet and greet with tour our tour representative. Transfer to Hotel (check-in timing is 12 noon). Relax till evening than enjoy the city. Transport: Women on Wheels Transfer (1.00-1.50 hours) Day 2 Delhi/Agra Stroll by the backstreets of Delhi through a guided walking tour with our assisted by our young tour representative, supporting New Delhi Street kids Project. Later, investigate Old Delhi with your tour representative before an evening. Transfer to Agra. Transport: Private Vehicle (3.00-4.00 hours, 200km) Meals included: Breakfast Day 3 Agra On reaching Agra explore the walled city, including the internationally renowned Taj Mahal, Baby Taj, and Agra Fort. Meals included: Breakfast Day 4 Agra/Jaipur Drive to Jaipur, going by the deserted Mughal city of Fatehpur Sikri in which three palaces are built by Emperor Akbar for his three wives from three different religions. This is a UNESCO world heritageShow MoreRelatedEnglish As A Global Language2096 Words   |  9 Pages2011). This is a number that now seems minuscule compared to the 1.5 billion people who speak English today (Statista, 2016). English in America In 1584, the first English ship landed in America in a quest to colonise the new world, however, this voyage was sadly unsuccessful (Crystal, 2003). After several attempts, the first successful permanent colony to be founded in America landed in 1607 at the Chesapeake Bay and by 1732 there were 13 British colonies (McIntyre, 2009). Throughout the rest ofRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay13163 Words   |  53 Pageshis father King Philip the best military formation of the time, the Macedonian Phalanx, armed with sarisses - the fearful five and half meter long lances. He was the first great conqueror who reached Greece, Egypt, Asia Minor, and Asia up to western India. He is famous for having created the ethnic fusion of the Macedonians and the Persians. From victory to victory, from triumph to triumph, Alexander created an empire which brought him eternal glory. He brought Greek ideas, culture and life style toRead MoreSwami Vivekananda14669 Words   |  59 PagesRamakrishna | | 1.3 Wanderings in India | | 1.4 In the west | | 1.5 Back in India | | 1.6 Death | | | 2 Principles and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda | | 3 Works of Swami Vivekananda | | 4 Interaction with contemporary giants | | 5 Quotes of Swami Vivekananda | | 6 Trivia avout Swami Vivekananda | | 7 Recommended Reading | | Biography of Swami Vivekananda Birth and Early life Narendranath Dutta was born in Shimla Pally, Kolkata, West Bengal, India on 12 January 1863 as the sonRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 Pagesliterature in India witnessed a revolution against the idiom which the colonial writers followed. Gradually the Indian English authors began employing the techniques of hybrid language, magic realism peppered with native themes. Thus from a post colonial era Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English novel therefore stands as the tale of Changing tradition, the story of a changing India. The stories were there already in India steeped in folkloresRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAmerican History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by

How Has International Trade Involving Canada Changed Over...

How has international trade involving Canada changed over the 50 year period in the graph? The graph had shown that over the 50 year period, the value of imports and exports had drastically increased, showing that there was an increase in imports and exports. 2. a) How have the changes in Canadian exports and imports been different? The changes in Canadian exports and imports had been, different in the sense where they had increased, evidently the value of the imports and exports had increased. b) How would this affect Canada’s trade balance (Trade balance = Exports – Imports) Canada’s trade balance would have been a positive number indicating that more exports than imports were made. c) What does this information allow you to†¦show more content†¦This is because, the exports and imports had risen drastically which benefitted the economy. The government could use this to their advantage and implement what had caused the stunted GDP growth, in scenarios where the economy may be lacking or unstable. 4. Conduct independent research to find out what the difference is between primary, secondary, and tertiary industries and give an example of each type of industry. Primary Industry: Extraction of raw materials (ex. mining) Secondary Industry: Manufacturing sector (ex. car manufacturing plant) Tertiary Industry: Offering goods and services to consumers (ex. grocery store) 5. Describe Canadian investment in other countries just after World War II. After World War 2, Canadian investment in other countries had been approximately 10% into primary industry, 30% into secondary industry, and 60% into tertiary industry. 6. In the next 25 years, how did things change? In the next 25 years, Canadian investment overseas was attributed to around 25% into primary industry, 55% in secondary industry, and 20% in tertiary. 7. Which types of industries saw the biggest change from 1950 to 1974? Tertiary and secondary industries saw the biggest change from 1950 to 1974. The tertiary industry going from 60% to 20% in Canadian investment abroad, and the secondary industry going from 30% to 55%. 8. By 2000, how had things changed in

Case Study Analysis On Respiratory Drugs

Questions: 1. Provide the rationale for why Ms. Bremmer is prescribed these inhalers. 2. What contraindications or precautions would eliminate the use of these drugs for Ms. Bremmer? 3. What patient variables are most important to consider for Ms. Bremmer when assessing her drug therapy? 4. What aspects of core drug knowledge (pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics) are especially relevant to consider because they may interact with the patient variables? 5. Which of the findings from the nursing assessment demonstrate the effectiveness of drug therapy? 6. Which of the findings from the nursing assessment demonstrate possible adverse effects from the drug therapy? 7. What nursing actions are indicated to maximize therapeutic effects? 8. What nursing actions are indicated to minimize adverse effects? 9. What teaching is required for Ms. Bremmer regarding her drug therapy? Include list of any additional data needed to determine appropriate teaching. Answers: 1. Albuterol causes increased airflow to the lungs and relaxes the bronchial muscles. Tina (TB) was found to have obstructive airway complication and hence for bronchospasm condition, this is most suitable. Flunisolide is corticosteroids class of drug and is useful in reduction of any irritation or swelling in the airway passage. Other concern such as blood pressure and body temperature is normal for TB, thus these medications are optimum for the present case. 2. Contractions as such related to any disease or disorder should be mentioned to the physician, to recommend accurate medication and avoid any adverse effect. These are: Cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and heart failure Seizure or episodes related to epilepsy Diabetes Thyroid Chemotherapeutic usage for Flunisolide. 3. Pregnancy is one of the concerns, where these choices of drug are not suitable. Other than, this thyroid or cardiovascular disorder may worsen the condition with the use of both Albuterol and Flunisolide usage. These can increase cardiac rhythm and are prone to cause infraction like condition. 4. Albuterol have 50 % of oral bioavailability and acts longer for 4-6 hours. It has side effect of palpitation and muscle tremors, increases BP and act for ACh release, thus should not be given with cardiovascular complications. Flunisolide has adverse drug reactions with chemotherapeutic agent and should not be prescribed for concurrent use. 5. Lungs sound have bilateral wheezes and diminished sounds at bases, which reveals obstructive airway complication and difficulty in breathing. This also confirms that the concern is related to bronchospasm, thus use of Albuterol is appropriate. Since the incidence happens in the campus on cold fall day, it might be related to season rhinitis and thus Flunisolide is used for prescription. 6. The adverse effects are with respect to inhaler used before coming to ER. These are confirmed with Pulse oximetry 92% on admission sO2 (oxygen-haemoglobin saturation, and low respiration of 26 and shallow characteristics. 7. The initial assessment is important which helps in obtaining the information related to pulse rate, body temperature, respiration rate and blood pressure. The sound assessment of lungs are critical in finding the possible explanation related to bronchospasm. These assessments are effective in minimizing any adverse drug reaction with recommendation of medication. Other than this, monitoring of patient condition is crucial after inhalation with the inhale administration. 8. Monitoring of the patient condition is crucial. Bronchospasm can induce as well as aggravate the cough. Nurses should assess whether TB have bronchial hyperreactivity, so that activation of the pulmonary receptors should not trigger any more cough and bronchoconstriction. Thus airflow, blood pressure and cardiac rate should be checked, for increasing the effectiveness of the medication. 9. Educating TB is also important for reducing the chances of reoccurrence of ill consequences and management of emergency. The approach for medication use should be taught to TB, which is very much essential, such as timing of the inhaler usage, pre-prandial or post meal usage, number of dose (two puff every 4 hours or every day for Albuterol and Flunisolide respectively). Other than this food habits and avoiding exposure to allergic agents including avoidance from dust, spicy food should be instructed. Use of woolen cloths is requisite to prevent stimulation of nociception and thermoreceptor by cold is also included in effective teaching scope. References: Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., Snyder, J. S. (2012). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process7: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Was Malvolios Treatment Justified Essay Example For Students

Was Malvolios Treatment Justified Essay Malvolio is a steward (servant) for Olivia. He claims to be a puritan, a sect of Christians who have strict moral principles. They are against drinking, merrymaking, theatre and many other forms of entertainment. He dislikes Sir Toby and Sir Andrew as they are drunkards and go against his puritan beliefs. Malvolio himself is very conceited, he loves himself and believes that everyone else loves him too. A classic example of his conceited behaviour is when he is reading the forged letter and thinking that Olivia loves him. Besides, she uses me with more exalted respect than anyone else that follows here We will write a custom essay on Was Malvolios Treatment Justified specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even Olivia thinks he is conceited and shows this when Malvolio is being nasty to Feste because he is a fool. O you are sick of self-love, Malvolio As Sir Toby ( Olivias uncle) and Sir Andrew (his drinking companion) love drinking they often come home drunk. They are fed up of Malvolio stopping them drinking and merrymaking and threatening to tell Olivia about what they are doing. Feste (a fool) who occasionally joins them in their merrymaking also dislikes Malvolio as he refers to Feste as a barren rascal who has no more brains than a stone Maria Olivias lady in waiting (maid) has a fancy for Sir Toby also does not like Malvolio. The four decide to play a trick on him to bring him down a peg or two. Maria invents a trick which could only work on someone as conceited as Malvolio. The trick they decide to play on him is for Maria to imitate Olivias writing and write a fake letter to Malvolio saying how much she loves him. They will then leave it somewhere Malvolio will find it. Maria tells Malvolio that she thinks Olivia loves him then leaves the letter under a chair, on the patio in the garden, and hide behind the hedges to watch. Malvolio already thinking that Olivia loves him sits down, seeing the letter he picks it up the letter and opens it. He quickly realises that they are love letters from Olivia as he recognises the handwriting, and he jumps to the conclusion that they are about him. M- Malvolio! M! Why, that begins my name He reads them out loud and then boasts, out loud, about what life married to Olivia would be like. Imagining about what fun it would be to order Sir Toby around. Meanwhile Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Feste and Maria watching Malvolio fall for their trick hook line and sinker are roaring with laughter. Sir Toby is also cursing as he is annoyed about Malvolio dreaming about ordering him around. The last letter Malvolio reads contains instructions for Malvolio if he wants to return her love. The instructions were to:- Be opposite with my Kinsman (go against here relatives). Surly with servants (Be nasty to here servants). Let thy tongue twang arguments of state (speak about politics all the time). Remember who commended thy yellow stockings, and wished to see thee cross-gartered. ( wear yellow, cross-gartered stockings). Cast thy humble slough and appear fresh( smile all the time. These instruction are totally the opposite of what Olivia would want Malvolio to be. She is in mourning and will not want someone close to her grinning like a Cheshire cat and yellow stockings is a colour she abhors The next day Olivia was nervous as she was about to meet Cesario, she called Malvolio thinking he would calm her down. Maria warned her that he was acting a little strangely, but she ignored her saying I am as mad as he .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .postImageUrl , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:hover , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:visited , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:active { border:0!important; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:active , .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub27c6dfb17e80657686417178656682d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dickens presents the characters of Gradgrind EssayIf sad and merry madness equal be Malvolio enters fully cross gartered grinning from ear to ear. He keeps hinting about the letter, but Olivia knows nothing about him. Eventually Olivia reaches the conclusion that he is having a bout of midsummer madness and asks Sir Toby to look after him while she meets Cesario. Malvolio still thinking the letter was genuine thinks that Olivia has done this to see whether he will follow the instructions of the letter and be rude to her relatives. Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria and Fabian (another one of Sir Tobys drinking pals) take Malvolio away. They start to tease Malvolio pretending he is possessed by the devil. Malvolio refuses to do what he is told and tells them Go hang yourselves all and that they Shall know more hereafter and storms out. The next thing they decide to do to Malvolio is to tie him up in a dark cell and leave him there till they think that the joke has passed. Olivia will not care as she is in the belief that hes mad. They put Malvolio in the dark cell as planned. Then Feste dressed as Sir Topas (a Spanish priest) torments Malvolio. He tells Malvolio that he must be mad by telling him that the room he is in is light. Eventually Sir Toby decides the joke is over and agrees to take a letter from Malvolio to the Olivia. In the final scene of the play Malvolio exposes the trick in front of assembled company. He still feels bitter and shouts Ill be revengd on the whole pack of you I personally feel that Malvolios treatment was, to a certain extent, justified, but I feel that Sir Toby and Feste went too far. They were right to play a trick on him as he needed being brought down a peg or two. I think they shouldnt have locked him up in the dark cell as that is more like torture than a joke. At the time the play was written I think many people would have thought that Malvolios treatment was justified as many people were against the Puritans. One reason Shakespeare wrote this play is to get at the Puritans as they wanted to stop theatre, the thing that made Shakespeare famous.

buy custom Adoption of Community Outreach Health Policy Plan essay

buy custom Adoption of Community Outreach Health Policy Plan essay This report will be directed to the public relations manager McDonalds Corporation, seeking to explain and recommend a community outreach health program aimed at proposing change in the companys outreach policy to accommodate rising health issues specifically the rising case of overweight and obese people. Topic: community health outreach policy program review The program will recommend a get back to the people program that will facilitate healthy living among the people many of whom are potential as well as existing customers. The health policy of the company ensures that the foods promote healthy living for example through low calorie foods. Even with these standards, it has emerged in the recent past that there is increasing number of overweight and obese people because of individual unhealthy practices regarding eating habits and choice of foods. Since the community forms an integral part of the McDonalds Corporation, the public relations manager should adopt this community outreach review program in the companys outreach policies(CDC, 2010). Purpose of the report The purpose of the report is to give a recommendation on the best way to deal with obesity and related overweight problem in the community. According to the Natioal Health and Nutrition Survey, one in every three Americans is obese. Obesity has resulting complications like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, heart diseases, stroke and even high cholesterol. The rate is more alarming too in children and therefore as part of giving to the community, this recommendation will add to other existing outreach programs and will therefore will assist in trying to get a permanent solution to the problem(CDC, 2010). Resources required To implement this future community health program recommendation, resources will be required to facilitate it. The McDonalds Corporation will have to review its budgetary allocations to the community outreach programs since this will an additional program with its own unique financial requirements. The adoption of the program will need public education and awareness programs as well as assisting those already affected. Public awareness can be through advertisements or specific area to area training. The company can also get involved in getting other corporate bodies to get involved including influencing insurance companies to offer remuneration to affected people by covering in their insurance policies. All these require financial input from the MacDonald Corporation dedicated to each activity(Egeland, 2010). Information gathering techniques For the justification report recommending this new health outreach program, information will be gathered to give data and details for the proposed change. Some of the ways of collecting this information include direct observation, for example for the case of observing an affected groups of people with associated problems since obesity results in other problems like diabetes. A one-on-one interview with the person affected is yet another method. The internet has proven to an important research tool and this will help in reviewing the outreach policy. Facilitated sessions can also help collect information because they involve bringing a larger group of people with weight problems together with an aim of getting information faster (Egeland, 2010). Information evaluation criteria Some of the factors to consider in the evaluation criteria include the direct effect of the program to the community. These include checking the healthy living of the people who might have gone through weight loss programs, the measure of reduced obese cases and even the reduced obesity related complications and deaths. Another evaluation criterion is motivational concept of the consumer or customer reaction. This includes the direct effect of the program on the McDonald Corporation in terms of sales as well as the community reaction to the program(Egeland, 2010). Buy custom Adoption of Community Outreach Health Policy Plan essay

Firm growth and M&A ; Firm Internationalisation Essay

Firm growth and M&A ; Firm Internationalisation - Essay Example Internationalization is a multifaceted process. Before a firm can engage in going global, a firm must grow from within. In this context, the firm must be dominant in the home country. When a company has a competitive advantage, it suggests that it has strategies, which it can apply in the global market to survive. The firm is likely to face substantial challenges before it can achieve growth. Once the firm overcomes financial, managerial issues, and gain shareholder’s confidence, then, it can go global (Buckley et al., 2007). Owing to the intention of growing in the external market, the firm can utilize mergers, takeovers, or joint ventures. On the other hand, internationalization involves entering foreign markets. The firms may employ many strategies to enter the foreign markets. This may include licensing, exporting and foreign direct investment (FDIs). Licensing involves giving another company production rights to use the licensed material. The organisation given such rights (licensee) will have paid the other organisation giving the license (licensor) some payment. Exporting is another strategy that companies employ to enter foreign markets. Exporting involves selling of goods produced in the home market of the company to other markets in the world. On the other hand, FDIs involves the intention to obtain a long-term interest in a business, which operates in a different economy (Rugman, 1975). Companies can seek to serve goods or services through licensing. Licensing is the easiest way to enter international markets, and companies prefer this strategy owing to the minimal risk and low investment. Producing in the target market will help the company overcome trade barriers, such as potential cultural distance. This is possible because people in the target market can view the company as an outsider (Rugman and Verbeke, 2004).

Effects of Taxation on Macro & Micro economics Term Paper

Effects of Taxation on Macro & Micro economics - Term Paper Example Adam Smith, the famous father of economics was behind the classification of economics. This term paper seeks to evaluate the effect of taxation on both the Macro & Micro economics. Taxation is a key facet in any economy as suggested by Adam Smith in his work on Canons of Taxation .The paper also suggests the areas of further study, in which researchers and other scholars are invited to work on. The Overall the study of economic environment is divided into two halves, microeconomics and macroeconomics. The "Micro" originated from a Greek word. The word means small. Microeconomics entails the study of individual economic units. It is concern with particular individual elements in the economy. It thus gives a worm’s eye view of the economy."Macro" originated from Greek word whose meaning is large. Macroeconomics entails the study of global perspective of the economy. It combines the national or international economy concepts of economy e.g. Total Output, Income and Expenditure, U nemployment, Inflation Interest Rates and Balance of International Trade, etc and what economic policies a government can pursue to influence the conditions of the national economy. It thus gives a bird's eye-view of the economy (Gupta 409) This term paper will focus on taxation as a factor that affects both micro and macro-economic fields. The overall function of taxation is to provide funds to finance the activities of government and can be discussed in the following terms: First, Tax revenue is required to pay for goods and services which government provides: These could be public such as defence or merit goods such as education and medical services respectively. Second, a major function of taxation is to bring about some redistribution of income of income – progressive tax system. Third, Tax revenue may be used to pay interest on national debt. Fourth, Taxation may be used as a fiscal policy instrument to influence full employment levels. Fifth, Social welfare function: i s the use of tax to discourage the production of harmful commodities. Sixth,-Protection policy Function. The Seventh function is the economic stability goal by discouraging unnecessary expenditure (Marshall 87). Adam Smith was the first economist to study the principles of taxation and how they affect the economic environment. Adam Smith came up with principles of taxation; these are equity, certainty, economy and convenience. He came to believe that when a tax is imposed certain conditions must be fulfilled. These conditions are what he called canons of taxation (Marshall 324).These are: The Canon of Equity: This refers to the fairness of a tax system. It’s borne out of the feeling that â€Å"the states’ subjects should support the government in a proportionate way in regard to the revenue they derive’’ (Marshall 324). This means that every person should pay the tax based on the ability; they don t pay the amount. There are three approaches of achieving equity, namely: The Benefit Principle; under this approach, benefits derived from the consumption of goods and services are used as the basis for taxation. Thus people should be taxed according to the benefits they derive from the consumption of public goods. The disadvantage here is to determine the benefits and expenditure of each tax payer. First, The ability to pay: Here the argument is that citizens of a given country are differently endowed in wealth and earnings. Besides the government cannot raise enough funds to finance public expenditure if each and everyone was asked to pay the same amount of tax. So ability to pay should be the basis for taxation because the tax burden is distributed equitably. However, ability to pay is very difficult to effect because of

Police stress Essay Example for Free

Police stress Essay Introduction Stress is a psychological factor and a common feature of almost every kind of work. But it is important to note that it was only in the mid-70s that industrial psychologists focused their attention on the importance of stress in the workplace. â€Å"To serve and protect,† is the law enforcers’ motto as he works to accomplish the goals of his job which is primarily to provide protection to the citizens of his state. There accompanies with the work the kind of people whose shady and dark characters pursue the primary purposes in life which are to commit a crime and study ways to evade the long arm of the law. In policing work, stress is not underestimated but rather an important and critical aspect of the job (â€Å"it goes with the territory,† so to speak); stress comes in different forms. It is a given then, that police work is pictured as a form of service where the challenges are not the same as the regular kind of job; more so when the person is in active post or duty and expected to meet the most difficult types of experiences but usually on a regular basis. It is this scenario that this paper explores and presents to the reader the nuances of the job, the stresses a police officer regularly encounters, possible consequences on his personal and home life, as well as probable interventions. Significance of the study Two reasons are suggested why there was a growing recognition of the importance of stress on the job. First, there is the general awareness that stress-related diseases have reached epidemic proportions. More people die or are disabled today as a result of stress than at any other time. Because stress is so physically damaging and pervasive in people’s lives and because it is primarily psychological in nature the discipline of psychology as a whole and especially the specialty area of health psychology is interested in studying and treating stress and other psychosomatic disorders (Chang et al. 2006). The second reason for the growing awareness of the importance of stress at work is practical. The effects of stress on the job are costly and are reflected in a lower productive efficiency. Stress has been known to reduce drastically employee motivation and the physical ability to perform the task well thus, increasing absenteeism, turnover, and tardiness (Cahill 2003; Chang et al. 2006; Williams 2003). Statement of the Problem What is stress at work and how is this demonstrated in a particular individual worker like the police officer? What has personality trait or individual differences do with the development of stress as well as how do people cope with stress when the source is the place of work? This paper attempts to define, describe and explain the nature of stress, factors that contribute to the development of stress in an individual, and in particular what job stress or stress in the workplace can do to an individual. Discussion ~ The Nature of Stress Inside the body, dramatic physiological changes take place under stress. Adrenalin, released from the adrenal glands, speeds up all bodily functions. Blood pressure rises, heart rate increases, and extra sugar is released to the bloodstream. The increased circulation of the blood brings additional energy to the brain and muscles, making us more alert and stronger sp that we can cope with the sudden emergency (Landy 1985). A stressful situation mobilizes and directs one’s energy beyond its normal level. But if a person remains in that state of supercharged energy for too long, the body’s reservoir of energy will dissipate. Rest is needed to replenish the energy supply (Williams 2003). Prolonged stress leads to psychosomatic disorders. Remember that psychosomatic diseases are not imaginary. They are real and involve specific tissue and organ damage even though their cause is psychological. In prolonged stress, the body may suffer physiological damage and the person may become ill (Landy 1985). A. Individual Differences in Vulnerability to Stress One factor that affects vulnerability to stress on the job is social support, one’s network of social and family ties. The person who is alone physically and psychologically is more vulnerable to stress than someone who has strong social relationships. Social support on the job is also important to reduce stress and to have better health (Cahill 2003; Chang et al., 2006; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). One’s physical condition also relates to one’s vulnerability to stress effects. Persons in better physical condition suffer fewer effects of stress than those in poor physical condition (Cahill 2003; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Level of ability to perform a job can make people more or less resistant to the stresses of that job. Employees with a high level of the skills needed for the job finds the work easier and less stressful than employees with a lower ability (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Personality seems to be related to one’s ability to tolerate stress. This is particularly apparent with those of apparent with those of Type A and Type B personalities and their susceptibility to heart disease, one of the major effects of stress (Landy 1985). The Type A personality is highly prone to heart disease by middle age, independent of physical factors or their type of work. The two primary characteristics of a Type A personality are a very high competitive drive and a constant sense of urgency about time. Type A personalities are hostile people although they successfully hide it from others. That is why Type A personalities are always in a state if tension and stress (Landy 1985; Williams, 2003). Persons with the Type B personality never have heart attacks before the age of 70, regardless of their jobs or their eating and smoking habits. Type B people may be just as ambitious as Type A people, but they have none of their characteristics. They function under far less stress in all aspects of life including work (Landy 1985). B. Stress at work There are occupations that are considered very stressful. The following twelve are those that engender highest levels of stress: law enforcer, labourer, secretary, inspector, clinical lab technician, office manager, first-line supervisor, manager or administrator, waiter or waitress, machine operator, farm worker, miner, painter. This is taken from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Other occupations considered to be in high stress are the fire fighters, computer programmer, dental assistant, electrician, fire fighter, social worker, telephone operator, and hairdresser (Landy 1985). Survey is also found that among working women, the most stressful jobs are in the health care industry. For example, nurses, medical, dental, and lab technicians and social workers (Cahill 2001). Psychologists renamed the concept of overwork into the term overload and have identified two types: 1. Quantitative overload 2. Qualitative overload Quantitative overload is the condition of having too much work to do in the time available. Qualitative overload involves not so much work to do but work that is too difficult (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Another stress factor in the workplace is change. Many changes occur in the workplace. The introduction of a new work procedure may require employees to learn and adapt to different production methods (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Performance appraisal is a source of stress for a great many people. Few people like the idea of being evaluated whether at school or work. An employee’s role in the organization can be a source of stress. Role ambiguity arises when the employees’ work role is poorly structured and ill-defined. Role conflict arises when there is a disparity among the demands of a job and the employees, personal standard and values (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Problems of career development may lead to stress at work. Stress can arise when an employee fails to receive an anticipated promotion (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Being responsible for other people is a major source of difficulty for some supervisors and managers (Landy 985).   Contact with a stress carrier is also a cause of stress. A person free of stress can be infected by someone who is highly stressed (Landy 1985). Assembly-line work has been associated with stress because it is characterized by repetition and monotony (Landy 1985). Overall, then, each person must confront and deal with a large and recurring number of stress-producing events everyday both at home and at work. Although most people experience at least some of the harmful effects of stress at one time or another, most people, fortunately, do manage to cope (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). One effect of stress on the job resulting from overwork is called burnout. The employee becomes less energetic and less interested in the job. He or she becomes emotionally exhausted, apathetic, depressed, irritable, and bored; finds fault with everything about the work (Cahill 2003; Chang et al, 2006; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Figure 1.0 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Model of Job Stress (Source: NIOSH, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.html) Burnout develops in three distinct stages: 1. Emotional exhaustion, with a feeling of being drained and empty (Cahill 2003; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). 2. Cynicism and the lack of sensitivity toward others (Cahill 2003; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). 3. Futility, the feeling that all the effort put forth previously was wasted and worthless (Cahill 2003; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Employees with burnout become rigid about their work, following rules and procedures blindly and compulsively because they are too exhausted to be flexible or consider alternative solutions to a problem (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). There is a price to pay for such overwork over a long period of time. Stress accumulates and leads to the psychological and physiological ailments described earlier. These people work so hard that they burn away their energy faster than the body can replace it. Such persons have been described as workaholics, or employees addicted to work (Cahill 2003; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Nature and Dangers of Police Work Studies done by Malloy and Mays (p 177 1984) point to the importance of understanding the kind of job that policing involves. The authors not only examined the stress levels within the workplace but a comparative study was made as well with the amount of stress experienced by law enforcement officers and other workers in other organizations or institutions particularly in government entities. The findings show that few jobs can equal the kind of stress that police work entails; fire fighters may come close though the frequency of negative or distressful events or occurrences become a regular fare for law enforcers contributing to the overall danger and threat to their personal well-being. Reports of suicide or attempted suicide have reportedly been high despite increasing awareness to the stresses of the job (Brown 2008). Symptoms may be there already but the few people close to the person refuse to recognize or identify the signs. These include irritability, lowered sex drive, digestive upsets, fatigue, muscle aches like backaches, insomnia or restlessness, overeating or drinking too much, muscle tics or rashes, a pounding heart, headaches and light-headedness may be evident on the individual. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or mental health issues can be some of the effects when prolonged stress is experienced and may even affect the immune system’s ability to protect the person’s body from everyday illnesses. Because an officer regularly deals with stress and anguish experienced by people they meet on the job, emotions can easily be bottled up, or set aside and compromise one’s health or in many instances, affect the officer’s ability to deal with the issues and problems in his own personal and family life.   Studies self-management skills program for the police officers show that there is a great difference when police officers go through programs that help them understand the emotional upheavals that go with the job. There was the reduction of signs and symptoms of imminent distress or physical and psychological manifestations of stress (McCraty et al 1999). Other techniques specifically used in other studies make use of films as tools to help debrief these individuals (Mann 1973 p 63). C. Interventions and organizational techniques The techniques for dealing with stress on the job involved both the prevention of stress and its reduction and elimination. Techniques that individual employees can practice on and off the job include relaxation training, biofeedback, and behavior modification. Some methods provided by organization include altering the organizational climate, providing employee assistance programs and treating victims of stress-related illnesses (Cahill, 2003; Landy, 1985; Williams, 2003). Industrial/organizational psychologists have proposed several organizational techniques for managing stress at work especially with police work: 1. Emotional Climate Control. Because of the stressors of modern organizational life is change, the organization must provide sufficient support to enable employees to adapt to change. This can be accomplished by providing a climate of esteem and regard for employees and by allowing them to participate in all decisions involving change in their work and in the structure of the organization (Chang et al. 2006; Landy 1985; Williams 2003). 2. Provision of social support. Social support can reduce one’s vulnerability to stress. Organizations can enhance social support by facilitating the cohesiveness of work groups and by training the supervisors to be supportive of their subordinates (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). 3. Redefinition of employee roles. To reduce the stress caused by role ambiguity, managers must clearly state to their subordinates what is expected of them and what the precise scope and responsibilities of their jobs are (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). 4. Elimination of work overload and work underload. Proper selection and training, equitable promotion decisions and fair distribution of work can do much to eliminate these causes of stress. 5. Provision of assistance to stressed employees. More and more organizations today are recognizing the harmful effects that stress can have on employee health and productivity. As a result, they are providing in-house counseling programs that teach individual stress-control techniques and supplying facilities for physical exercise (Landy 1985; Williams 2003). Some stress is necessary for normal functioning. The nervous system apparently needs a certain amount of stimulation to function properly. But stress that is too intense or prolonged can have destructive physiological and psychological effects. The actions of autonomic nervous system that prepare the organism for emergency can, if prolonged lead to such physical disorders as ulcers, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Severe stress can also impair the organisms’ immune responses, decreasing its ability to fight off invading bacteria and viruses. It is estimated that more than half of all medical problems are believed to be related to emotional stress. Psychosomatic disorders such as allergies, migraine, headaches, high blood pressure, heart disease, ulcers and even acne are among the illnesses that are related to emotional stress (Hilgard, et al., 1983). Conclusion Frustrations occur when progress toward a goal is blocked or delayed and when two motives conflict, satisfaction of one leads to the blocking of the other. For as long as a human individual is alive and functioning in whatever milieu he is in, these forces are at work, often straining and draining him. Coping and defense strategies oftentimes become indispensable but later become debilitating for most if no longer controlled and regulated. The severity of stress depends on the situation’s predictability, the potential for control, the individual’s cognitive evaluation, his feelings of competency, and the presence of social supports (Halonen and Santrock, 1996). Works Cited: Atkinson, R.L., R.C. Atkinson, E.E. Smith, D.J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema, Introduction to Psychology, 13th ed. (1993). New York: Harcourt College Publishers. Brown, Hal. Introduction to Police Stress. Accessed February 27, 2008 http://www.geocities.com/stressline_com/introduction_to_police_stress.html Cahill, C. A. 2001. Women and stress. In Annual Review of Nursing Research, 19, 229-249. Chang, E. M., Daly, J., Hancock, K.M., Bidewell, J. W., Johnson, A., Lambert, V. A., Lambert, C. E. 2006. The Relationships Among Workplace Stressors, Coping Methods, Demographic Characteristics, and Health in Australian Nurses. Journal of Professional Nursing, 22(1), 30-38. Landy, F.J. 1985. Psychology of Work Behavior. 3rd Ed. Dorsey Press. Malloy, Thomas E., G. Larry Mays. â€Å"The Police Stress Hypothesis: A critical evaluation. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 11 (1984): 197-224. Sauter, Steven, et al., â€Å"Stress at Work† NIOSH publication. Retrieved December 20, 2007 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.html Williams, C. 2003. Stress at Work. Canadian Social Trends, Autumn, 7-13. Halonen, J.S. and J.W. Santrock. 1996. Psychology: Contexts of behavior, Dubuque, IA: Brown and Benchmark, p.810. Hilgard, ER, RR Atkinson, and RC Atkinson, 1983. Introduction to Psychology. 7th ed., New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanich, Inc. Mann, Philip A. â€Å"Stress Training.† In Psychological Consultation with a Police Department: A Demonstration of Cooperative Training in Mental Health, by Philip Mann, 62-64. Springfield Illinois; Charles C, Tomas, (1973). McCraty, Rollin, Dana Tomasino, Mike Atkinson, Joseph Sundram. â€Å"Impact of the HeartMath Self-Management Skills Program on Physiological and Psychological Stress in Police Officers.† Institute of HeartMath, Publication No. 99-075. Boulder Creek, CA. (1999). Morris, Charles G. Albert Maisto, 1999. Understanding Psychology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. P. 73.

colonization Essay -- essays papers

colonization From the beginning of American colonization we were a mainly farming people. The basis of our society was built upon agriculture, and little else. The rise to corporate capitalism has had such a profound impact on American society, it is impossible to study any aspect of United States history post Civil War without a direct relation, on any level, to the industrial revolution. America would not be the superpower it is today had we not made the change from an agricultural society to an industrial one long ago. The rise of corporate capitalism radically changed the way Americans lived forever. In the years previous to those following the Civil War, the American lifestyle was pretty much the same. People lived on the farm, and everybody contributed to the families well being. After the Civil War, the technological change in America was so great, it forced people to reconstruct the way the lived their lives. New inventions and technology bombarded every aspect of the American life. â€Å"Whereas only 276 inventions had been recorded during the Patent Office’s first decade in the 1790s, during the single year of the Columbian Exposition [1893] 22,000 patents were issued† (Martin 420). The government’s role in the rise of corporate capitalism varies depending upon whom you asked the question to. Some said the government held to the laissez-fair policy, while some said that they favored the big business and disregarded the common worker as a non-issue. â€Å"Government’s proper role was to leave the economy alone, so as not to disrupt the operation of the natural forces that ordered the economy† (Martin 426). In a actuality, both are probably right. â€Å"To a large extent the industrialists got what they wanted- a laissez-fair policy that left them alone, except when they needed help† (Martin 426). The government set out no regulatory rules to the large corporations until the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887. In 1886 the Supreme Court passed a ruling that allowed the 14th amendment to include a corporation as a â€Å"person.† States could then not deny equal protection without due process of law, and the courts were now in charge of setting the limit of â€Å"reasonable† profits by corporations (Martin 428). This once again left the common laborer to be subject to the ruling of their superiors in the business world. Industrialism was growing so rapidly,... ...nvironment. While the 8-hour workday and end of child labor was a long way off, this strike helped to hasten the coming of these events. The rise of corporate capitalism had such a profound positive impact on our nation as a whole, its nearly immeasurable. Without it, America would not have become the world superpower that it is today. The shift from and agricultural society into an industrial one may have been difficult for those in the immediate wake of it, however, it was a new situation to everybody. Such great technological advances had never been seen before in America or anywhere else at any time. I believe it would be impossible for a nation to go through such tremendous changes without some misuse of power, and burden on the lower classes of people. After time, things were smoothed out and ran in an acceptable manner to everybody. The big bosses were still making their money, and the lower working class people were granted the 8 hour workday, as well as having conditions improved in the workplace. Overall, I believe this to be the most important time in US history. It has developed us as a nation, and set us apart as independents strong enough to provide for ourselves. colonization Essay -- essays papers colonization From the beginning of American colonization we were a mainly farming people. The basis of our society was built upon agriculture, and little else. The rise to corporate capitalism has had such a profound impact on American society, it is impossible to study any aspect of United States history post Civil War without a direct relation, on any level, to the industrial revolution. America would not be the superpower it is today had we not made the change from an agricultural society to an industrial one long ago. The rise of corporate capitalism radically changed the way Americans lived forever. In the years previous to those following the Civil War, the American lifestyle was pretty much the same. People lived on the farm, and everybody contributed to the families well being. After the Civil War, the technological change in America was so great, it forced people to reconstruct the way the lived their lives. New inventions and technology bombarded every aspect of the American life. â€Å"Whereas only 276 inventions had been recorded during the Patent Office’s first decade in the 1790s, during the single year of the Columbian Exposition [1893] 22,000 patents were issued† (Martin 420). The government’s role in the rise of corporate capitalism varies depending upon whom you asked the question to. Some said the government held to the laissez-fair policy, while some said that they favored the big business and disregarded the common worker as a non-issue. â€Å"Government’s proper role was to leave the economy alone, so as not to disrupt the operation of the natural forces that ordered the economy† (Martin 426). In a actuality, both are probably right. â€Å"To a large extent the industrialists got what they wanted- a laissez-fair policy that left them alone, except when they needed help† (Martin 426). The government set out no regulatory rules to the large corporations until the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887. In 1886 the Supreme Court passed a ruling that allowed the 14th amendment to include a corporation as a â€Å"person.† States could then not deny equal protection without due process of law, and the courts were now in charge of setting the limit of â€Å"reasonable† profits by corporations (Martin 428). This once again left the common laborer to be subject to the ruling of their superiors in the business world. Industrialism was growing so rapidly,... ...nvironment. While the 8-hour workday and end of child labor was a long way off, this strike helped to hasten the coming of these events. The rise of corporate capitalism had such a profound positive impact on our nation as a whole, its nearly immeasurable. Without it, America would not have become the world superpower that it is today. The shift from and agricultural society into an industrial one may have been difficult for those in the immediate wake of it, however, it was a new situation to everybody. Such great technological advances had never been seen before in America or anywhere else at any time. I believe it would be impossible for a nation to go through such tremendous changes without some misuse of power, and burden on the lower classes of people. After time, things were smoothed out and ran in an acceptable manner to everybody. The big bosses were still making their money, and the lower working class people were granted the 8 hour workday, as well as having conditions improved in the workplace. Overall, I believe this to be the most important time in US history. It has developed us as a nation, and set us apart as independents strong enough to provide for ourselves.

Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson

Philosophically speaking, Thomas Jefferson based his political ideals from the writings of John Locke who assumed that the function of the government (as a trustee of the people) is to protect the rights, property, and liberty of the individual, in the pursuit of happiness. Thomas Jefferson put this primary axiom when he wrote the Declaration of Independence, stating that governments created by men ought to protect the rights and liberties of an individual, moreso of the fecundity of every states under the protection of the United States confederation (that the state is the trustee of its citizens.If the government then fails its duty, the people have the right to overthrow it. The implication of this principle is to establish a truly representative government; a government ruled by separated powers (to ensure the stability of the state) – the executive, legislative, and judiciary, – as in their case, the federal and state government. It was necessary for Jefferson to e nsure that every state be given equal amounts of freedom, unconstrained by the functions of the federal government. This is not the case with Alexander Hamilton.This two-star general and secretary of Treasury saw the future of political stability lying in the hands of a strong government, represented by a strong leader (accompanied in governance by an assembly elected by the people). In his words, â€Å"An executive for life has not this motive for forgetting his fidelity and will therefore be a safer depository of power† (Zaide 392) He was in effect suggesting an executive elected for life, for which it is generally unconstrained by the rudiments of politicking.Thus, in every occasion to which he was asked to explain his plans for the newly-born republic, he always made it clear that an elected executive for life is not tantamount to a monarch. Nevertheless, in the latter part of his life, he abandoned the idea, focusing instead on strengthening the powers of the federal gov ernment, often making many enemies at the state governments. On the Credit System When Hamilton became secretary of treasury, he had a ready made plan for transforming America’s economy into a credit-based economy, unhampered by the problems of agricultural production (land based economy).Basing his policies from David Hume, an English economist, he argued that the only way for the private sector to participate in the economy is in the credit system. Private wealth would be converted into bonds, used as paper capital, which could be lent to foreign states. In such case, both the public and the government would benefit. Money would float in the economy, lowering interest rates, and hastening capital accumulation.Although, the credit system has some advantages, Hume warned the dangers of this system (which Hamilton disregarded), included of which is an oppressive tax system, vulnerability to indebtedness, and of course wealth gap among the citizens. Jefferson dismissed Hamilton ’s action in writing, claiming that such economic policies will put the nation in a state of limbo, hampered by the lack of respectability in the arts of economics, and infiltration of economic principles in the form and nature of the government to which they established.He also noted that such schemes implemented by Hamilton where in themselves the representation of his interests; the tyranny to which he was and was always represented. Together with Madison, Jefferson indicated his concerned as to who should be paid and how much by the federal government; a proposition that Hamilton left without considerable measures. Nevertheless, a public credit policy would left the government at the mercy of the public sector via in the court of law, for which contracts are well-established to be good and sincere.On the National Bank Hamilton was on the idea of establishing a national bank, governed by private individuals. He argued that efficiency would be the lasting mark of a bank rul ed by the private sector (based from Adam Smith). Corruption would be a no-no for this group of entrepreneurs. Capital accumulation would hasten, giving the federal government revenues to finance its activities.In his words, â€Å"It is in therefore in the interest of the federal government to give the private sector a freehand in the economy; for an economy closely governed by the government seemed to be inefficient and lacked the motive to accumulate capital, be it in monetary monetary and discretionary forms†( Zaide 392). The bank then would be a safe haven of federal banks, for the governing body is itself not corrupt. Jefferson, on the other hand advocated for the establishment of a national bank, but unlike Hamilton, this bank will be predominantly governed by the federal government, with some representation from the private sector.This would ensure according to him the efficacy of the federal government’s power over fiscal matters. Nonetheless, together with Mad ison, he argued that if such bank governed by the private sector is established, what are the chances then that such bank would represent the interest of the nation (Toynbee 359). On Taxation Hamilton implemented strict excise tax on liquors arguing that liquors was a good source of revenue, as it is dangerous for the health and morality of the citizens of the nations.It was liquor that destroyed the dignity of the American nation during the Continental war (indiscipline broke among the soldiers of the revolution because of liquor). Nevertheless, economically, taxes on liquor would serve as the point of capital accumulation for other industries developing in the United States. Because of his policies, a peaceful Whiskey Rebellion followed. Although the citizens of Pennsylvania did not resist (when Washington and Hamilton came in with the militia), Hamilton ordered the detention of suspected dissidents.Jefferson bitterly criticized the actions of Secretary Hamilton claiming that such acts were acts of tyranny. The tax on liquor itself was impinging the right of every citizen to the pursuit of common happiness. He put his views into action when he abolished taxes on liquor during his presidency. He simply backslide the policies of Hamilton, putting pressure on congress to adopt his own scheme, which Jefferson claimed would benefit the nation. Policies on War Hamilton did not support the French revolution and its ideals claiming that such revolution was too radical and dangerous for the nation of America.Jefferson bitterly opposed his plan to declare war on France, claiming that such actions would put the United States in the same footing as the Western imperial powers; of which represented the pinning of a tyrant and oppressive monarchical system of government. Jefferson however, supported the war against the Barbary States in North Africa, claiming that the pirates residing in the said states were harassing American shipping in the Mediterranean. Prospect for t he Future of America Hamilton believed that the future of the United States lies in its economy and military strength.The economic success of America would lift the status of the United States to a position of power. Thus, to maintain its status as a power, the United States then should maintain or create a large armed force capable of pressuring other nations to obedience, which is, following its political and economic agenda. Jefferson, during his presidency slashed the budget of the army and navy. War and aggression had no place in Jefferson’s policies. For him, prosperity lies in foreign diplomacy and fair trading.There was definitely no room for imperialism. References: Declaration of Independence. USHistory. Org. http://www. ushistory. org/declaration/document/index. htm. June 28, 2007. Johnson, Paul. A History of the American People. Chapter V, VI. Harper Publisher’s. 1963. Thomas Jefferson. The White House. http://www. whitehouse. gov/history/presidents/tj3. ht ml. June 28, 2007. Toynbee, Arnold. A Study of History. (Abridged) Oxford University Press, 1987). Zaide, Gregorio. World History. Manila: Rex Publishing House, 1965.

Commodore Isaac Hull in the War of 1812

Born March 9, 1773, in Derby, CT, Isaac Hull was the son of Joseph Hull who later took part in the American Revolution.  In the course of the fighting, Joseph served as an artillery lieutenant and was captured in 1776 following the Battle of Fort Washington. Imprisoned in HMS Jersey, he was exchanged two years later and assumed command of a small flotilla on Long Island Sound.   Following the end of the conflict, he entered the merchant trade sailing to the West Indies as well as whaling.   It was through these endeavors that Isaac Hull first experienced the sea.   Young when his father died, Hull was adopted by his uncle, William Hull. Also a veteran of the American Revolution, he would earn infamy for surrendering Detroit in 1812.   Though William wished his nephew to obtain a college education, the younger Hull desired to return to sea and, at age fourteen, became a cabin boy on a merchant vessel. Five years later, in 1793, Hull earned his first command captaining a merchant ship in the West Indies trade.   In 1798, he sought out and obtained a lieutenants commission in the newly re-formed US Navy.   Serving aboard the frigate USS Constitution (44 guns), Hull earned the respect of Commodores Samuel Nicholson and Silas Talbot.   Engaged in the Quasi-War with France, the US Navy sought out French vessels in the Caribbean and Atlantic.   On May 11, 1799, Hull led a detachment of  Constitutions sailors and marines in seizing the French privateer Sandwich near Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo. Taking the sloop Sally into Puerto Plata, he and his men captured the ship as well as a shore battery defending the harbor.   Spiking the guns, Hull departed with the privateer as a prize. With the end of the conflict with France, a new one soon emerged with the Barbary pirates in North Africa.   Barbary Wars Taking command of the brig USS Argus (18) in 1803, Hull joined Commodore Edward Prebles squadron which was operating against Tripoli.   Promoted to master commandant the following year, he remained in the Mediterranean.   In 1805, Hull directed  Argus, USS Hornet (10), and USS Nautilus (12) in supporting US Marine Corps  First Lieutenant Presley OBannon during the Battle of Derna.   Returning to Washington, DC a year later, Hull received a promotion to captain.   The next five years saw him oversee the construction of gunboats as well as command the frigates USS Chesapeake (36) and USS President (44).   In June 1810, Hull was appointed captain of Constitution and returned to his former ship.   After having the frigates bottom cleaned, he departed for a cruise in European waters.   Returning in February 1812, Constitution was in the Chesapeake Bay four months later when news arrived that the War of 1812 had begun.         Ã‚   USS Constitution Exiting the Chesapeake, Hull steered north with the goal of rendezvousing with a squadron that Commodore John Rodgers was assembling. While off the coast of New Jersey on July 17, Constitution was spotted by a group of British warships that included HMS Africa (64) and the frigates HMS  Aeolus (32), HMS Belvidera (36), HMS Guerriere (38), and HMS Shannon (38). Stalked and pursued for over two days in light winds, Hull used a variety of tactics, including wetting down the sails and kedge anchors, to escape.   Reaching Boston, Constitution quickly resupplied before departing on Aug. 2. Moving northeast, Hull captured three British merchantmen and obtained intelligence that a British frigate was operating to the south. Sailing to intercept, Constitution encountered Guerriere on Aug. 19. Holding his fire as the frigates neared, Hull waited until the two ships were only 25 yards apart. For 30 minutes Constitution and Guerriere exchanged broadsides until Hull closed on the enemys starboard beam and toppled the British vessels mizzen mast. Turning, Constitution raked Guerriere, sweeping its decks with fire. As the battle continued, the two frigates collided three times, but all attempts to board were turned back by determined musket fire from each ships marine detachment. During the third collision, Constitution became entangled in Guerrieres bowsprit. As the two frigates separated, the bowsprit snapped, jarring the rigging and leading to Guerrieres fore and main masts falling. Unable to maneuver or make way, Dacres, who had been wounded in the engagement, met with his officers and decided to strike Guerrieres colors to prevent a further loss of life. During the fighting, many of Guerrieres cannon balls were seen to bounce off Constitutions thick sides leading it to earn the nickname Old Ironsides. Hull attempted to bring Guerriere into Boston, but the frigate, which had suffered severe damage in the battle, began to sink the next day and he ordered it destroyed after the British wounded were transferred to his ship. Returning to Boston, Hull and his crew were hailed as heroes.   Leaving the ship in September, Hull turned command over to Captain William Bainbridge.   Later Career Traveling south to Washington, Hull first received orders to assume command of the Boston Navy Yard and then the Portsmouth Navy Yard.   Returning to New England, he held the post at Portsmouth for the remainder of the War of 1812. Briefly taking a seat on the Board of Navy Commissioners in Washington beginning in 1815, Hull then took command of the Boston Navy Yard.   Returning to sea in 1824, he oversaw the Pacific Squadron for three years and flew his commodores pennant from USS United States (44). Upon completing this duty, Hull commanded the Washington Navy Yard from 1829 to 1835.   Taking leave after this assignment, he resumed active duty and in 1838 received command of the Mediterranean Squadron with the ship of the line USS Ohio (64) as his flagship. Concluding his time abroad in 1841, Hull returned to the United States and due to ill health and increasingly advanced age (68) elected to retire. Residing in Philadelphia with his wife Anna Hart (m. 1813), he died two years later on February 13, 1843. Hulls remains were buried in the citys Laurel Hill Cemetery.   Since his death, the US Navy has named five vessels in his honor.   Sources: Biographies in Naval History: Isaac HullHeritage History: Isaac Hull